click image for close-up The black worker in this picture could have been harvesting rice on Arthur Middleton's plantation, or one of many other rice plantations scattered throughout the ...

Edward died in 1685, leaving to Sara and their young son, Arthur, a plantation that was not yet profitable. In the following decade, Africans would show English colonists how to cultivate rice in ...

Plantation owners sought out West Africans ... Posters for Lowcountry slave auctions advertised workers from the “Windward and Rice Coast,” as well as a “gang of 25” “accustomed to ...