The superficial and deep veins of the lower extremity communicate via communicating ... the presence of valves and the function of the calf muscle pump. The congenital absence of valves, deep ...
Correspondence to Dr Michiel B Winkes, Department of General Surgery, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands; m.winkes{at}mmc.nl ...
2012;4(5):527-536. The venous anatomy of the lower leg is made up of two axial systems, a superficial and a deep venous system. The superficial system lies above the muscle fascia in the ...
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