These beams consist of electrons that gain energy and accelerate to high velocities, often exceeding the speed of light in a vacuum, under specific conditions such as strong electric fields or ...

There are many opportunities for graduate student research in computational physics of plasmas and beams, including ... just a few volts can induce an electric field well in excess of 1 GV/m, strong ...

Scientists worked with electricity long before they understood that current was made of electrons ... He placed cathode tubes in electric and magnetic fields. He knew that these fields will ...

Electric propulsion works by ionizing a neutral gas, usually xenon, and then using electric fields to accelerate ... computational method. The electrons in an EP beam don't behave exactly as ...

Light travels as repeating waves of electric and magnetic fields ... new measurements of electrons in quantum materials. Specially prepared light beams, combined with interference measurements ...

is a property of a body which experiences a force in an electric field. Charge is measured in coulombs (C). Since electrons are so small and one electron will not have much of an effect anywhere ...

Particle accelerators produce and accelerate beams of charged particles ... add energy to the particles and speed them up by applying a static or oscillating electric field; (3) A sequence of metallic ...

Here laser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) are a promising alternative, which uses lasers to create accelerated particles along the wake in a plasma field ... for the laser beams (paywalled ...

The presence of these oppositely charged ions creates an internal electric field that prevents electrons in the n-type layer to fill holes in the p-type layer. When sunlight strikes a solar cell, ...

Static fields of this order generated in a solid target can be used to accelerate protons and ions, whereas ‘travelling’ electric ... electrons accelerated in laser and electron beam wakefields.

"When the electron beam passes through [this plasma], it repels the lighter electrons from this background gas but the ions, which are heavy, move more slowly and are left behind." This wide-field ...