Napoleon's Mamelukes were an elite cavalry unit composed of former Mamluks, who had initially fought against Napoleon’s ...

The Aedui (or Haedui) were a powerful Celtic tribe in ancient Gaul (modern-day France), who played a significant role in ...

The Romanization of Gaul began in earnest after Julius Caesar's conquest during the Gallic Wars. Prior to this, much of Gaul ...

Henry III, King of France from 1574 to 1589, was the last ruler of the Valois dynasty. The fourth son of Henry II and Catherine de’ Medici, he was not initially destined to reign. A skilled legislator ...

Could there have been an easier conquest? In 332 BC, Alexander the Great entered Egypt without a struggle. At the walls of the capital, Memphis, he received the keys to the royal treasury from the ...

In October 48 BC, the imperator arrived in Egypt to capture his rival Pompey. He ended up staying for nine months to fight the armies of Pharaoh Ptolemy XIII. Julius Caesar nearly lost his life in ...

Under his real name, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavius, Augustus was the first and most famous Roman emperor. When his uncle Julius Caesar died in 44 BCE, Octavius began a long political struggle to gain ...

The first Roman legions in Provence in 125 BC, the barbarian invasions, the Battle of Soisson in 486 ...

The French Revolution (1789–1799) profoundly transformed the relationship between religion and the state in France, leading to a period of intense conflict, reform, and secularization that forever ...