The palette is indigo, manjishta (madder red) and ivory – “It derives from the pond, as seen through the eyes of a natural dyer. Water is indigo, lotus is madder red and the ivory white forms ...

The violet is permanent, and by boiling with soap, passes into rose color. The madder-red colors are less susceptible of alteration by acids the more they have been brightened by soap and the ...

Either ol the last may be used for red dyes ; but the crop gives the most beautiful color. Madder roots are imported from Smyrna tc England, called Palestine madder, which are ground in London.

Woad produced yellow dye, madder produced red dye, and woad produced blue dye. These plants were indispensable in the medieval cloth industry, contributing to the prosperity of cities like Mechelen.