The LNP-mRNA modality is a novel approach that uses lipid nanoparticles to deliver messenger RNA into cells. The mRNA acts as ...

Autoimmune responses to tissue-restricted self-antigens both humoral (antibody mediated) and cellular (predominantly of the IL-17 type) are pathogenic for chronic rejection. Alloimmune responses ...

TPO antibodies (TPOAb) appear involved in the ... However, tests of the humoral response, i.e. thyroid autoantibodies, can be assessed in most clinical laboratories. Unfortunately, the diagnostic ...

There are two paths of the adaptive immune response: the humoral response that uses antibodies, and the cell-mediated response which uses cytotoxic T cells. Antibodies are small Y shaped proteins that ...

A recent study published in Scientific Reports evaluated the immune response to an H5 avian influenza vaccine in calves and lactating cows. The research investigated the efficacy of an inactivated H5 ...

Plasma cells (PCs) are the terminal differentiation stage of activated B cells and serve as crucial effector cells in humoral immunity. While PCs have ...

Conclusions The humoral immune response against adalimumab is highly restricted and limited to the idiotype of the therapeutic antibody. All antibodies result in functional neutralisation of the drug, ...

Collins Mamudu, a Nigerian scientist, has laid a claim to a breakthrough in the fight against malaria by developing a potential subunit vaccine that could significantly enhance global efforts to ...

Humoral response was defined as either a fourfold or more rise in titre, or a rise from a non-protective baseline level of <1/40 to ⩾1/40 in HI antibodies 4 weeks after vaccination.12,13 Geometric ...

Together, our data show that immune pressure induced by dominant antibody responses may favor hotspot mutation sites and the selection of variants capable of evading humoral response. We analyzed the ...