Upper limb spasticity is common after stroke and can cause deformity, pain and reduced function. Botulinum toxin type A is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum that blocks ...

Bradford B. Worrall, MD, a University of Virginia professor of neurology and public health, says many stroke survivors develop spasticity.

[29] Hesse (1998) To investigate whether the combined approach of BTX and electrical stimulation was more effective than BTX alone in the treatment of chronic upper limb spasticity after stroke 6 ...