With the ruler placed carefully on the line, measure the centimetres first, then the millimetres. These are represented with the small lines. Here is a ruler and some straight lines for us to measure.

Gradient is a measure of steepness. As you move along a line from left to right, you might go up, you might go down or you might not change at all. Gradient \(= \frac{\text{change up}}{\ ...

How do you test the oscillator circuit you just made that runs between 200MHz and 380MHz if all you have is a 100MHz oscilloscope, a few multimeters and a DC power supply? One answer is to put ...