Activation of the MAPK pathway was common to all the mutations, whereas activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), STAT5 and PI3K–Akt occurred only with certain ...

Aberrant activation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK/ERK kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade and the VEGF pathway are commonly observed in breast cancer cells leading to malignant cell ...