Trade wars have not only impacted economies but also the lives of countless individuals. These conflicts often escalat ...

266-69 Kishlansky Introduction: Lin Zexu (1785-1850) was the Chinese Commissioner in Canton whose actions precipitated the Opium Wars (1839-1842). Although opium was used in China for centuries, it ...

Here’s What You Need to Remember: The Opium Wars made it clear China had fallen gravely behind the West — not just militarily, but economically and politically. Every Chinese government ...