The key to this phenomenon lies in the creation of phase defects within the liquid crystal structure next to the air bubbles. These defects disrupt the symmetrical nature of the bubbles ...

Lastly, the geometric theory of topological defects in liquid crystals has been reviewed, revealing connections between defect behavior and concepts from cosmology and high-energy physics.

Do the liquid crystals physically protect the bacteria ... there are all sorts of electronics and apertures and lenses that can have a defect and need special engineers to come and repair.

When introduced into a nematic liquid crystal, these particles induce three-dimensional director fields and topological defects dictated by colloidal topology. While electric fields, photothermal ...

and on understanding the textures and phase transitions of freely-suspended liquid crystal films, including the interactions and ordering behavior of topological defects and islands and the 2-D ...

By using optically active liquid crystals as reaction sites, researchers have successfully achieved the living polymerization of polymers with aligned helical structures. In this process, optically ...