Turbulent flow while proceeding in a particular direction, like laminar flow, has the added complexity of random velocity fluctuations. The flow patterns never repeat themselves. To convince yourself ...

A study utilized direct numerical simulation (DNS ... indicating whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. Stokes number: A dimensionless number that characterizes the behavior of particles ...

What has happened? The phenomenon is related to the differences between laminar and turbulent boundary layer. The boundary layer and its interaction with the local pressure gradient plays a major role ...

Inputting the data into a molecular dynamics computer simulation ... to "melt" at the critical transition point from laminar to turbulent flow, giving way to the special statistical behavior ...

To visualize laminar and turbulent regions on a TSP painted surface, the method of temperature steps can be used: the oncoming flow is heated or cooled with respect to the model and the temperature ...