BVT is a useful autologous procedure for hemodialysis and the preferred access alternative in patients without an adequate cephalic vein. Although patencies remain poor relative to other ...

Applying pressure causes the vessels to dilate and is analogous to 'holding off' a forelimb cephalic vein in a dog or cat. The tail vein can be punctured ∼3 cm from the tip. Figure 1 ...

Intraoperative duplex ultrasonography was used to assess the degree of venodilatation of the basilic and cephalic veins before and after the block. The site of each measurement was marked on the ...