Despite the monolithic op amp being older than SPICE simulators, comprehensive op-amp SPICE modeling left a lot to be desired ...

[Mitsuru Yamada]’s homemade op-amp using discrete components is thus a project of interest, implementing as it does a complete simple op-amp with five transistors. Looking at the circuit diagram ...

We’re excluding anything made from discrete components ... The slew rate is largely determined by the internal bias current of an op amp, and is therefore usually proportional to the supply ...

You need a TVS diode because many voltage regulators do not have the ability to sink current, nor can they respond fast ...