"All bacteria have double-stranded DNA, but viruses have different kinds of structure — there are DNA genomes, RNA genomes, double-stranded, single-stranded …" Anantharaman told Live Science.

How do cells detect non-self double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules? Several 'sensors' of RNA, including Toll-like ... a PAMP associated with Gram-negative bacteria that is detected by TLR4.

The Argonautes represent a highly conserved gene family that is found in almost all eukaryotes and is even found in bacteria and ... that can use double-stranded (ds)RNA to regulate gene ...