Mutualism: In a mutualism, both partners benefit from the relationship ... due to the fact that responses can contain a mix of direct and indirect effects. By using the appropriate experimental ...

On Friday, the National Institutes of Health announced major cuts to funding of indirect costs for Universities, etc. Here's ...

For many years ecologists have sought to understand the roles and importance of direct and indirect effects in communities. Direct effects, as the name implies, deal with the direct impact of one ...