Similarly to mice that lack other regulators of the cytoskeleton, HEM1-deficient T cells showed decreased activation and proliferation compared with wild-type T cells. Surprisingly, some T-cell ...

However, most animal cells have complex morphologies because the membrane adheres strongly to the cytoskeleton. In animal cells, movement of membrane into an endocytic vesicle or lamellipodium ...

Since paxillin is present in all cells as a link between integrins and the cytoskeleton, it also serves as a marker to visualize the dot-like and line-like anchoring points, i.e. focal adhesions.