The first vertebra is now called the atlas. The second vertebra, called the axis, is enlarged and the joint between the atlas and axis is specialized. The story of the evolution of the ...

Medically reviewed by Marissa Sansone, MD The primary symptoms of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), a chronic inflammatory disease, include back pain, fatigue, joint pain, heel pain, sleep problems, ...

SpA refers to several inflammatory conditions with shared features. These are further divided into those that most commonly affect the spine, termed axial SpA, and those that primarily affect other ...