Republican senators pushed a $340 billion budget framework to passage early Friday, chugging through an all-night session and Democratic opposition in a step toward unleashing money the Trump

Before adopting Republicans’ budget resolution, senators engaged in an all-night parliamentary marathon that Democrats used to try to force the G.O.P. into politically damaging votes.

WASHINGTON—Senate Republicans took their first step Friday toward securing new funding for border security and the military, after Democrats forced GOP lawmakers to take uncomfortable amendment votes all night on hotly contested issues on Capitol Hill.